{"id":6300,"date":"2026-10-13T03:17:56","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T19:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:801\/?p=6300"},"modified":"2026-10-13T03:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T19:17:56","slug":"%e3%84%b9-irregular-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/?p=6300","title":{"rendered":"\u3139 irregular verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"

All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 are irregular.\n<\/p>\n

They conjugate like verbs without \ubc1b\uce68 stem endings, and the \u3139 disappears if followed by \u3134,\u3142,\u3145.\n<\/p>\n

Explanation<\/span><\/h2>\n

Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a \ubc1b\uce68. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (\uc73c) in grammar patterns, such as A\/V + (\uc73c)\uba74 and A\/V + (\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c.\n<\/p>\n

However, when \u3139 is the \ubc1b\uce68, the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no \ubc1b\uce68.\n<\/p>\n

For example, the pattern A\/V + (\uc73c)\uba74 has two rules: if it has a \ubc1b\uce68 at the end of the stem, add \uc73c\uba74 to the stem, otherwise just add \uba74 to the stem. But if \u3139 is the \ubc1b\uce68, it does not take (\uc73c). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no \ubc1b\uce68. E.g. \ud314\uba74, \uc0b4\uba74.\n<\/p>\n

Furthermore, whenever the \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 is followed by \u3134,\u3142,\u3145, the \u3139 disappears.\n<\/p>\n

For example \ud314\ub2e4 in the grammar form V + (\uc73c)\uc138\uc694 becomes \ud30c\uc138\uc694, NOT<\/i> \ud314\uc73c\uc138\uc694 or \ud314\uc138\uc694.\n<\/p>\n

Step by Step Example 1<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grammar: A\/V + (\uc73c)\uba74
\n<\/caption>\n
<\/th>\nPattern<\/th>\nCase\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Rule 1:<\/th>\n\uba74<\/th>\nIf there is no \ubc1b\uce68\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Rule 2:<\/th>\n\uc73c\uba74<\/th>\nIf there is a \ubc1b\uce68\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Example of the Process for Conjugating A\/V + (\uc73c)\uba74
\n<\/caption>\n
Step #<\/th>\n\uac00\ub2e4 (to go)<\/th>\n\uba39\ub2e4 (to eat)<\/th>\n\uc54c\ub2e4 (to know)\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Step 1: Does it have a \ubc1b\uce68 at the end of stem?\n<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\nYes, the \ubc1b\uce68 is \u3131<\/td>\nYes, the \ubc1b\uce68 is \u3139 (special case)\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule\n<\/td>\nUse rule 1:
A\/V + \uba74<\/td>\n		Use rule 2:
A\/V + \uc73c\uba74<\/td>\n		It is a \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no \ubc1b\uce68, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A\/V + \uba74\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule\n<\/td>\n\uac00\uba74<\/td>\n\uba39\uc73c\uba74<\/td>\n\uc54c\uba74\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Step by Step Example 2<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grammar: A\/V + (\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c
\n<\/caption>\n
<\/th>\nPattern<\/th>\nCase\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Rule 1:<\/th>\n\ub2c8\uae4c<\/th>\nIf there is no \ubc1b\uce68\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Rule 2:<\/th>\n\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/th>\nIf there is a \ubc1b\uce68\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Example of the Process for Conjugating A\/V + (\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c
\n<\/caption>\n
Step #<\/th>\n\uac00\ub2e4 (to go)<\/th>\n\uba39\ub2e4 (to eat)<\/th>\n\uc54c\ub2e4 (to know)\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Step 1: Does it have a \ubc1b\uce68 at the end of stem?<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
No<\/td>\nYes, the \ubc1b\uce68 is \u3131<\/td>\nYes, the \ubc1b\uce68 is \u3139 (special case)\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Use rule 1:
A\/V + \ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n		Use rule 2:
A\/V + \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n		It is a \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no \ubc1b\uce68, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A\/V + \ub2c8\uae4c\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uba39\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uc54c\ub2c8\uae4c\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Step 4: Fix conflict<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
No conflict(regular verb)<\/td>\nNo conflict(regular verb)<\/td>\nThe \u3139 disappears and it becomes \uc544\ub2c8\uae4c
because there was a conflict between the \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 and \u3134 in the previous step.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

More Examples<\/span><\/h2>\n

Below is a table of various conjugation examples.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Conjugation Examples
\n<\/caption>\n
Verb\/Adj<\/th>\nA\/V + (\uc2a4)\u3142\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/th>\nA\/V + \uc544\/\uc5b4\/\uc5ec + \uc694<\/th>\nA\/V + \uc558 \/ \uc5c8 + \uc5b4\uc694<\/th>\nA\/V + (\uc73c)\u3139 \uac70\uc608\uc694\n<\/th>\nA\/V + (\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/th>\nA\/V + (\uc73c)\uba74<\/th>\nA + \uad70\uc694 \/ V + \ub294\uad70\uc694<\/th>\nA\/V + \ub2c8<\/th>\nV + (\uc73c)\uc138\uc694\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\uae38\ub2e4 (to be long)\n<\/td>\n\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uae38\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uae38\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uae38 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uae30\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uae38\uba74<\/td>\n\uae38\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uae30\ub2c8<\/td>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ub180\ub2e4 (to play)\n<\/td>\n\ub189\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\ub180\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n\ub180\uc558\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ub180 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\ub178\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\ub180\uba74<\/td>\n\ub178\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\ub178\ub2c8<\/td>\n\ub178\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ub4e4\ub2e4 (to carry)\n<\/td>\n\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ub4e4 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\ub4dc\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\ub4e4\uba74<\/td>\n\ub4dc\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\ub4dc\ub2c8<\/td>\n\ub4dc\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4 (to make)\n<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4e4 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4dc\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4e4\uba74<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4dc\ub2c8<\/td>\n\ub9cc\ub4dc\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uba40\ub2e4 (to be far)\n<\/td>\n\uba49\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uba40\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uba40\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uba40 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uba38\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uba40\uba74<\/td>\n\uba40\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uba38\ub2c8<\/td>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc0b4\ub2e4 (to live)\n<\/td>\n\uc0bd\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uc0b4\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n\uc0b4\uc558\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc0b4 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uc0ac\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uc0b4\uba74<\/td>\n\uc0ac\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uc0ac\ub2c8<\/td>\n\uc0ac\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc54c\ub2e4 (to know)\n<\/td>\n\uc555\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uc54c\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n\uc54c\uc558\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc54c \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uc544\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uc54c\uba74<\/td>\n\uc544\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uc544\ub2c8<\/td>\n\uc544\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc5f4\ub2e4 (to open, unlock)\n<\/td>\n\uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uc5f4\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc5f4\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc5f4 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uc5ec\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uc5f4\uba74<\/td>\n\uc5ec\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uc5ec\ub2c8<\/td>\n\uc5ec\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc6b8\ub2e4 (to cry)\n<\/td>\n\uc6c1\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc6b8\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\uc6b8 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\uc6b8\uba74<\/td>\n\uc6b0\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\uc6b0\ub2c8<\/td>\n\uc6b0\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ud314\ub2e4 (to sell)\n<\/td>\n\ud31d\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\ud314\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n\ud314\uc558\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ud314 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\ud30c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\ud314\uba74<\/td>\n\ud30c\ub294\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\ud30c\ub2c8<\/td>\n\ud30c\uc138\uc694\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ud798\ub4e4\ub2e4 (to difficult, tiring)\n<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4e4 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4dc\ub2c8\uae4c<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4e4\uba74<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4e4\uad70\uc694<\/td>\n\ud798\ub4dc\ub2c8<\/td>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a \u3139 \ubc1b\uce68 ar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kr-open-book"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6300"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6300\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanliuquan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}